February 12, Tuesday. Comparison of English with Latin Basic Concepts

Standards
Objectives. Learn basic grammar terms. Demonstrate with sentences why it is important to know them in a language where sentence order does not provide grammar information. 

EQs. What is it essential to know about grammar for students of Latin? How are Latin sentences different from English ones?

Bellwork. Add these notes near the Building the Meaning handout in your notebook:

Words of the day (grammar):

Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language. From the Greek "syntaxis" (put in order). From syn- "together" (see syn-) + tassein "arrange" (see tactics).

Subject: the subject of a sentence or clause is what performs the action of a verb.

Direct Object: The noun which is the direct object of a transitive verb (look for an -m at the end of singular Latin nouns).

Indirect object: a noun or noun phrase that receives the direct object.                                                       direct          indirect
                                              subject       object          object
Exemplum gratis (e.g): The dragon gave a squid to the polar bear.


The indirect object refers to someone or something that is affected by the action of a transitive verb (typically as a recipient), but is not the primary object (e.g. give him the book ; give the book to him).

Transitive verb: takes a direct object, a noun that receives the action of the verb. Cornelia hears a voice.  The loud voice scares Cornelia.  "Hear" and "scare" are transitive verbss.

Intransitive verb: does not take a direct object. Cornelia sits under the tree. Sextus falls out of the tree. "sit" and "fall" are intransitive verbs.

Linking verb: the most common linking verb is the verb "to be." It links the subject to a description of the subject. The description is called a "complement."

Whole class:
Watch the following short videos and answer the questions/fill in the blanks on your grammar notes handout.

Basic English for Learning Latin I

Basic English for Learning Latin II

Guided: Here are some sentences translated from the first Latin stories in Ecce Romani for us to analyse.

• Cornelia is now sitting under a tree and reading

• Sextus is a troublesome boy who always annoys Cornelia. 

• He climbs the tree and suddenly shouts in a loud voice.

• He was giving orders to the slaves.

• Cornelius told the story to his wife.

Homework: Study the commands we practiced today in Quizlet. Study the Grammar presented in this lesson. Study Quizlet set on parts of speech and sentence essentials.

Exit Ticket. 

Board race or Vinco with greetings if time allows. 

Watch the Greetings video by Scorpio Martianus from yesterday. Discuss vocabulary used.